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The Primera Republic so alone lasted 11 months. During
this reign four presidents are happened, what demonstrates
a political uncertainty. The main problems of the Primera
Republic were:
• The lack of Authentic republican and the scarce
popular support
• The division of the few republicans
The types of Republicans that existed were:
• Republican Federalists: In favor of applying the
program of republican in a progressive way and making
concessions to the moderate ones, so that slowly was accepting
the system.
Unitary Republican • or Radicals: In favor of a
more unitary Republic. They were but radicals and uncompromising,
they claimed a quick action, using ña rebellion
if it was necessary.
There were 4 presidents: Estanislao Figueras, Salmerón,
Castelar and Pi i Margal.La action of Pi i Marlpit is
the most prominent because he/she gave place to a Constitution.
• Estanislao Figueras (4 months): he/she made in
front of an insurrection in Cuba and to a problem cantonalista
1 (political system that aspires to divide the State in
cantons, each one of the cities that were proclaimed independent
in 1873). The cantonalismo will be the one that puts an
end to the I Republic.
• In 1873 wins the elections the federal republicans.
Pi i Marlpit summoned constituent Cortes. The Constitution
of 1873 was elaborated (born non). it Picks up the principles
in those that it would be based if has triumphed the federal
republicanismo.
Art. 1 Spain is divided in 17 states, included Cuba and
Puerto Rico.
Art. 2 made a declaration of rights that almost coincided
with the Constitution of 1869.
In the religious aspect it was very definitive: it established
the differences between church and State. It establishes
cult freedom and prohíbe the endowment of the clergy.
• Salmerón fought against the cantonalismo.
To brake it it appealed the general Pavía that
controlled the insurrection in Andalusia, and to the general
Martínez Campos that controlled the cantonalismo
in he/she Gets up.
Salmerón refused to sign a sentence of death against
leaders cantonalistas and he/she resigned.
• Emilio Castelar was the last president (moderate
republican). The situation of insurrection in Spain made
that Castelar to carry out a dictatorial authoritarian
government and the Parliament closed. A coup d'etat of
the General Pavía took place the 03-01-1874. Their
victory put an end to the I Republic. The Parliament's
closing sat down very bad to military and political.
As there is a hole of power, a provisional government
is formed directed by Serrano. Objectives:
1) to put an end to the provisional government
2) to establish the monarchy of the Borbones with XII
Alfonso
Antonio Cánovas will be the one in charge of reimplantar
the monarchy of the Borbones.
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